{ "sidecar": "watches-brands-index", "codex": "watches", "schema_version": "0.1", "generated": "2026-10-03", "coverage_note": "Planning targets are Tier A ~80, Tier B ~350, Tier C ~1,500, Tier D 2,000+. This file lists only brands with a verified record. Absence from this file means not yet researched, never that the brand does not exist.", "counts": { "tier_a_built": 7, "tier_b_built": 0, "tier_c_built": 0, "tier_d_rows": 0 }, "brands": [ { "brand_id": "seiko", "name": "Seiko", "aliases": [ "Seiko Watch Corporation", "Seikosha", "K. Hattori & Co.", "セイコー" ], "tier": "A", "status": "active", "url": "/watches/brands/seiko/", "legal_entity": { "name": "Seiko Watch Corporation", "parent": "Seiko Group Corporation", "jurisdiction": "JP", "registry": null, "registry_id": null, "verified_on": "2026-09-25", "note": "Company-published profile only. An independent registry confirmation is still outstanding, so registry fields are empty rather than guessed." }, "founded": { "year": 1881, "place": "Uneme-cho, Kyobashi, Tokyo, Japan" }, "origin_country": "JP", "hq_country": "JP", "group_id": "seiko-group", "listed": { "exchange": "Tokyo Stock Exchange", "code": "8050" }, "price_bands": [], "price_basis": null, "certifications_claimed": [], "contacts": { "website": "https://www.seikowatches.com/global-en", "press_url": "https://www.seikowatches.com/global-en/news", "service_url": "https://www.seikowatches.com/global-en/customerservice/contact/servicecenter", "retailer_locator_url": "https://www.seikowatches.com/global-en/stores", "corporate_url": "https://www.seiko.co.jp/en/group/information/", "postal_address": "26-1, Ginza 1-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8118, Japan", "india_urls": [ "https://www.seikowatches.com/in-en", "https://www.seiko.in/" ], "verified_on": "2026-09-25", "verified_how": "Each URL fetched and confirmed live on that date." }, "collections": [ "king-seiko", "prospex", "presage", "astron", "seiko-5-sports" ], "collections_source": "https://www.seikowatches.com/global-en/products", "related_brands": [ { "brand_id": "grand-seiko", "relation": "independent brand since 2017", "status": "pending" } ], "image_refs": [], "last_verified": "2026-09-25", "next_review_due": "2027-03-25", "confidence": "high" }, { "brand_id": "citizen", "name": "Citizen", "aliases": [ "Citizen Watch Co., Ltd.", "Shokosha Watch Research Institute", "Citizen Holdings Co., Ltd.", "シチズン" ], "tier": "A", "status": "active", "url": "/watches/brands/citizen/", "legal_entity": { "name": "Citizen Watch Co., Ltd.", "parent": null, "jurisdiction": "JP", "registry": null, "registry_id": null, "verified_on": "2026-09-28", "note": "Company-published profile only. An independent registry confirmation is still outstanding, so registry fields are empty rather than guessed. Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. is itself the listed parent/holding entity, not a subsidiary of a separate group-corporation as with Seiko." }, "founded": { "year": 1918, "place": "Tokyo, Japan" }, "origin_country": "JP", "hq_country": "JP", "group_id": "citizen-group", "listed": { "exchange": "Tokyo Stock Exchange", "code": "7762" }, "price_bands": [], "price_basis": { "currency": "USD", "basis": "Displayed price on each product's own page, citizenwatch.com (the US site, operated by Citizen Watch Company of America, Inc.)", "observed_range": "$243.75 to $8,425.00 across three priced examples and five named collections' own displayed ranges", "as_of": "2026-10-02", "source_url": "https://www.citizenwatch.com/us/en/collection/promaster", "note": "US-site display prices only, not reconciled against Japan or India pricing, and not adjusted for any promotional discount shown alongside some listings." }, "certifications_claimed": [ { "scheme": "ISO 6425 (diver's watch standard)", "certifying_body": "ISO (International Organization for Standardization)", "document": null, "note": "Claimed for Promaster diver's watches as a class on Citizen's own technology page, which states the case-back engraving itself is the watch's 'visible proof' of conformance. This is Citizen's own conformance claim against a published standard, not a per-reference certificate from an outside testing laboratory; no chronometer-accuracy certification (COSC, METAS or equivalent) was found for any Citizen-branded watch.", "verified_on": "2026-10-02", "source": "https://www.citizenwatch-global.com/technologies/diverswatch/index.html" } ], "contacts": { "website": "https://www.citizenwatch-global.com/", "press_url": null, "service_url": null, "retailer_locator_url": null, "corporate_url": "https://www.citizen.co.jp/global/aboutus/corporate/index.html", "postal_address": "6-1-12, Tanashi-cho, Nishi-Tokyo-shi, Tokyo 188-8511, Japan", "india_urls": [], "verified_on": "2026-09-28", "verified_how": "Corporate, brand and Miyota URLs fetched and confirmed live on that date. Press, service, retailer-locator and India URLs were not checked this session and are recorded as null rather than guessed." }, "collections": [ "promaster", "attesa", "series-8", "citizen-l", "tsuyosa" ], "collections_source": "https://www.citizenwatch.com/us/en/collection/promaster", "related_brands": [ { "brand_id": "bulova", "relation": "consolidated subsidiary since January 2008; a separate 1960 import-export agreement predates the acquisition", "status": "pending" }, { "brand_id": "frederique-constant", "relation": "consolidated subsidiary since July 2016", "status": "pending" }, { "brand_id": "miyota", "relation": "OEM movement brand; the historic Miyota entity was merged into Citizen Finetech Miyota (2008) and then Citizen Finedevice (2015), no standalone Miyota entity exists today", "status": "covered-in-dossier" } ], "image_refs": [], "last_verified": "2026-10-02", "next_review_due": "2027-04-02", "confidence": "high" }, { "brand_id": "casio", "name": "Casio", "aliases": [ "CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.", "Kashio Seisakujo", "カシオ計算機株式会社" ], "tier": "A", "status": "active", "url": "/watches/brands/casio/", "legal_entity": { "name": "CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.", "parent": null, "jurisdiction": "JP", "registry": null, "registry_id": null, "verified_on": "2026-09-28", "note": "Company-published profile only; an independent registry confirmation is still outstanding, so registry fields are empty rather than guessed. Casio Computer Co., Ltd. is itself the listed company that makes and sells the watches, there is no separate watch-operating subsidiary carrying the brand." }, "founded": { "year": 1957, "place": "Tokyo, Japan" }, "predecessor": { "name": "Kashio Seisakujo", "year": 1946, "place": "Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan", "note": "A subcontract workshop making microscope parts and gears. A separate event from the 1957 incorporation, and not treated as the company's founding date here." }, "origin_country": "JP", "hq_country": "JP", "group_id": "casio-group", "listed": { "exchange": "Tokyo Stock Exchange", "code": "6952" }, "price_bands": [], "price_basis": { "currency": "mixed (USD, EUR)", "basis": "Official company press releases (Casio America, Inc. and Casio Europe GmbH); Casio's own e-commerce product pages render price client-side and were not captured by this session's fetch tool", "observed_range": "$660-$720 (GMWBZ5000D-1/-BD-1/-GD-9, Full Metal, US, 10 Dec 2025) and €5,000 MSRP (MRG-BF1000R-1ADR, MR-G Frogman, Europe, 15 Mar 2023 launch price)", "as_of": "2026-10-03", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/g-shock-unveils-the-all-new-gmwbz5000-collection-ushering-in-a-new-era-of-full-metal-toughness-302637996.html", "note": "Two official press-release prices in two currencies from two regional entities, not combined into one band because converting either to a common currency would make the figure this Codex's arithmetic rather than Casio's own stated price. No India or Japan list price yet recorded; no budget-tier example found in static, sourceable text." }, "certifications_claimed": [ { "scheme": "ISO 6425 (diver's watch standard)", "certifying_body": "ISO (International Organization for Standardization)", "document": null, "note": "Claimed for the FROGMAN series as a class in a March 2023 Casio Europe press release announcing the MRG-BF1000R: 'The tough diving watches of the FROGMAN series are certified as per ISO 6425, water-resistant up to 200 m.' This is a press-release claim about the series, not a per-reference certificate from an outside testing laboratory located on a current product page; no chronometer-accuracy certification (COSC, METAS or equivalent) was found for any Casio-branded watch.", "verified_on": "2026-10-03", "source": "https://www.casio.com/europe/corporate/casio-corporate/news/2023/03151/" } ], "contacts": { "website": "https://www.casio.com/intl/watches/", "press_url": "https://world.casio.com/news/", "service_url": "https://world.casio.com/support/", "retailer_locator_url": "https://locator.casio.com/en-IN/store/wat/map/", "corporate_url": "https://world.casio.com/corporate/profile/", "postal_address": "6-2, Hon-machi 1-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8543, Japan", "india_urls": [ "https://www.casio.com/in/", "https://www.casio-intl.com/in/en/support/contact/" ], "verified_on": "2026-09-28", "verified_how": "Each URL fetched and confirmed live on that date, then re-checked by an independent reader shown only the address and the quoted text. The retailer locator recorded here is the India store locator; no searchable service-centre locator was found on the pages checked." }, "collections": [ "mr-g", "mt-g", "g-steel", "master-of-g", "full-metal" ], "collections_source": "https://gshock.casio.com/us/products/mr-g/", "related_brands": [], "image_refs": [], "last_verified": "2026-10-03", "next_review_due": "2027-04-03", "confidence": "high" }, { "brand_id": "omega", "name": "Omega", "aliases": [ "OMEGA SA", "Louis Brandt & Fils", "OMEGA Watch Co" ], "tier": "A", "status": "active", "url": "/watches/brands/omega/", "legal_entity": { "name": "OMEGA SA", "parent": "The Swatch Group Ltd", "jurisdiction": "CH", "registry": null, "registry_id": null, "verified_on": "2026-09-28", "note": "From Omega's own terms of use, which name OMEGA SA in Biel alongside the UK operating company. No Swiss commercial-register record has been pulled, so registry fields are empty rather than guessed." }, "founded": { "year": 1848, "place": "La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland" }, "origin_country": "CH", "hq_country": "CH", "group_id": "swatch-group", "listed": null, "listed_note": "Omega is not itself listed; its parent The Swatch Group Ltd is. No tier or range label for Omega could be obtained from a Swatch Group page — those pages are blocked to automated readers — so none is recorded.", "price_bands": [], "price_basis": null, "certifications_claimed": [ { "scheme": "METAS Master Chronometer", "certifying_body": "Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS)", "document": "METAS-N001 version 1.2", "note": "Testing of every movement and watch is performed by the applicant; METAS monitors, audits and sample-checks to ISO 2859-1:2014, and is the certifying body. Rate criteria differ by watch category.", "verified_on": "2026-09-28", "source": "https://www.metas.admin.ch/en/watch-certification" } ], "contacts": { "website": "https://www.omegawatches.com/", "press_url": "https://press.omegawatches.com/", "service_url": "https://www.omegawatches.com/en-us/customer-service/finding-a-service-centre", "retailer_locator_url": "https://www.omegawatches.com/en-us/store-locator", "corporate_url": "https://www.omegawatches.com/en-gb/terms-of-use", "postal_address": "Rue Jakob-Stämpfli 96 2502 Biel, Switzerland", "india_urls": [], "verified_on": "2026-09-28", "verified_how": "Each URL fetched and confirmed live, then re-checked by an independent reader shown only the address and the quoted text. Omega operates no India locale as at this date; its India boutique pages are served under the US locale and the Mumbai boutique is franchise-operated." }, "collections": [ "seamaster", "speedmaster", "constellation", "de-ville" ], "collections_source": "https://www.omegawatches.com/en-us/watches", "related_brands": [], "image_refs": [], "last_verified": "2026-09-28", "next_review_due": "2027-03-28", "confidence": "high" }, { "brand_id": "rolex", "name": "Rolex", "aliases": [ "Rolex SA", "Montres Rolex S.A." ], "tier": "A", "status": "active", "url": "/watches/brands/rolex/", "legal_entity": { "name": "Rolex SA", "parent": null, "jurisdiction": "CH", "registry": null, "registry_id": null, "verified_on": "2026-09-28", "note": "Company-published (Rolex's own history page and 2023 Sustainability Report) only. Zefix, the Swiss commercial register, returned a robots-blocked response when checked for this dossier, so registry fields are empty rather than guessed. Sole shareholder is stated by Rolex itself as the Hans Wilsdorf Foundation, created in 1945." }, "founded": { "year": 1905, "place": "London, United Kingdom" }, "origin_country": "CH", "hq_country": "CH", "group_id": null, "listed": null, "listed_note": "Rolex SA is privately owned by the Hans Wilsdorf Foundation and carries no stock-exchange listing or code, by its own statement.", "price_bands": [], "price_basis": null, "price_note": "No official retail price was found published anywhere on rolex.com; every watch page routes to a retailer finder rather than a number. Recorded as a checked absence, not an oversight.", "certifications_claimed": [ { "scheme": "Superlative Chronometer", "certifying_body": "Not named on Rolex's current certification page; an earlier Rolex release names no body either, only ‘an official chronometer’ as the baseline it exceeds", "document": "New Superlative Chronometer certification (2026 update) and a 2016 Rolex release hosted by FH", "note": "Finished-watch testing for precision, waterproofness, self-winding and power reserve, plus a 2026-added design/manufacturing stage for magnetism resistance, reliability and sustainability. An older Rolex release gives a −2/+2 seconds/day tolerance after casing; the current page repeats no number.", "verified_on": "2026-09-28", "source": "https://www.rolex.com/en-us/watches/new-watches/superlative-chronometer" } ], "contacts": { "website": "https://www.rolex.com/", "press_url": "https://newsroom.rolex.com/", "service_url": "https://www.rolex.com/watch-care-and-service/service-locator", "retailer_locator_url": null, "corporate_url": "https://www.rolex.com/about-rolex", "postal_address": "Acacias, Geneva, Switzerland", "india_urls": [], "verified_on": "2026-09-28", "verified_how": "Each URL fetched and confirmed live on 27–28 September 2026. No working retailer-locator URL was found; recorded as null rather than guessed. No India-specific Rolex site was found distinct from the global site." }, "collections": [ "land-dweller", "day-date", "sky-dweller", "lady-datejust", "datejust", "oyster-perpetual", "cosmograph-daytona", "submariner", "sea-dweller", "deepsea", "gmt-master-ii", "yacht-master", "yacht-master-ii", "explorer", "explorer-ii", "air-king", "1908" ], "collections_source": "https://www.rolex.com/en-us/watches (“Watches” index), read 2026-09-29. Milgauss and Cellini are absent from this index as read; no discontinuation date or explanation is published on this or any other Rolex page read for this dossier.", "related_brands": [], "image_refs": [], "last_verified": "2026-09-29", "next_review_due": "2027-03-28", "confidence": "medium" }, { "brand_id": "titan", "name": "Titan", "aliases": [ "Titan Company Limited", "Titan Watches Limited", "Titan Industries Limited" ], "tier": "A", "status": "active", "url": "/watches/brands/titan/", "legal_entity": { "name": "Titan Company Limited", "parent": null, "jurisdiction": "IN", "registry": "Reproduced from the company's own statutory filings, not from a registry search", "registry_id": "L74999TZ1984PLC001456", "verified_on": "2026-09-29", "note": "First Tier A dossier able to record a registry-issued identifier (the Indian Corporate Identity Number), because Titan prints it on its own AGM notice and audited results. An independent confirmation against India's Ministry of Corporate Affairs register has NOT been pulled, so the registry field records the company's own document as the source." }, "founded": { "year": 1984, "place": "Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India", "note": "Incorporated 26 July 1984 under the original name Titan Watches Limited, as a joint venture between the Tata Group and TIDCO, the Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation." }, "origin_country": "IN", "hq_country": "IN", "group_id": "tata-group", "listed": { "exchange": "NSE and BSE", "code": "TITAN / 500114" }, "ownership_note": "Promoter and promoter group 52.9% as at 30-06-2025. The single largest holder is Tamilnadu Industrial Development Corporation Ltd (TIDCO), a Government of Tamil Nadu enterprise, at 27.88%, ahead of Tata Sons Private Limited at 20.84%. Four further Tata-group entities hold the balance of the promoter block. Shareholding filings later than 30 June 2025 are uploaded as scanned images with no extractable text, so no later figure is recorded.", "price_bands": [], "price_basis": { "currency": "INR", "basis": "MRP, inclusive of all taxes, as published on the brand's own site", "observed_range": "₹1,995.00 to ₹212,500.00 across three references read", "as_of": "2026-09-29", "source_url": "https://www.titan.co.in/shop/titan-watches-for-men", "note": "First brand in this Codex found publishing an official list price. MRP printing is a statutory requirement in India, so this is a regulatory artefact rather than a voluntary disclosure, and is not treated as better conduct than not publishing. No USD band is assigned because converting a rupee MRP would require a dated exchange rate, which would make the figure this Codex's arithmetic rather than Titan's price." }, "certifications_claimed": [], "certifications_note": "No COSC, METAS or equivalent third-party certification claim was found on the pages read, and none is asserted.", "contacts": { "website": "https://www.titancompany.in/", "consumer_site": "https://www.titan.co.in/", "press_url": null, "service_url": null, "retailer_locator_url": null, "corporate_url": "https://www.titancompany.in/about-us", "oem_url": "https://www.titanoem.com/", "postal_address": "3, SIPCOT Industrial Complex, Hosur 635 126, Tamil Nadu, India", "india_urls": [ "https://www.titan.co.in/" ], "verified_on": "2026-09-29", "verified_how": "Each URL fetched and confirmed live on 29 September 2026, with the shareholding, MRP and liquidation facts each re-checked by a second reader shown only the claim and the URL. Service-centre and press URLs were not confirmed and are recorded as null rather than guessed; the BRSR mentions 7 Watches-Division service centres but no locator page was fetched." }, "collections": [ "edge", "raga", "neo", "octane", "workwear", "karishma", "stellar", "maritime", "grandmaster" ], "collections_source": "https://www.titan.co.in/shop/titan-watches-for-men and https://www.titan.co.in/shop/titan-watches-for-women (“Shop by Collection” filters); brand-level counts separately from https://www.titancompany.in/our-brands", "collections_note": "These nine are named collections within the Titan brand itself, distinct from Titan's separately owned brands (Sonata, Fastrack, Xylys and the rest), which its own documents count three different ways for the same period, 16 (About Us), 21 named (Our Brands), and 13 under the watches heading in the annual report, a list that mixes product brands with retail formats. All three brand counts are published on the dossier with their sources; no fourth count is derived here. The collection list above is not exhaustive: both shop pages list dozens of further named sub-variants (colourway and dial-pattern names within a collection) not reproduced here.", "related_brands": [ { "brand_id": "favre-leuba", "relation": "Brand and global trademark rights acquired 16 November 2011 for ‘a sum under Euro 2 million’; operations significantly scaled down from April 2021; the holding subsidiary, renamed TCL Watches Switzerland AG, was voluntarily liquidated and ceased to be a subsidiary effective 21 March 2024. No disposal of the brand or its trademarks is disclosed in any Titan document read.", "status": "former-subsidiary-liquidated" }, { "brand_id": "licensed-brands", "relation": "Titan's own Q4 FY26 presentation records a licensed-brands portfolio including Tommy Hilfiger, Police, Ducati, Anne Klein and Aigner. No licence term, territory or manufacturer is stated on the slide read.", "status": "licensed" } ], "image_refs": [], "last_verified": "2026-09-29", "next_review_due": "2027-03-29", "confidence": "high" }, { "brand_id": "longines", "name": "Longines", "aliases": [ "Compagnie des Montres Longines, Francillon S.A.", "Longines Watch Co. Francillon Ltd." ], "tier": "A", "status": "active", "url": "/watches/brands/longines/", "legal_entity": { "name": "Compagnie des Montres Longines, Francillon S.A.", "parent": "The Swatch Group Ltd", "jurisdiction": "CH", "registry": "Reproduced from an independent Swiss commercial-register aggregator (Moneyhouse), not from Zefix itself", "registry_id": "UID CHE-101.311.360 / CH-073.3.000.822-5", "verified_on": "2026-09-29", "note": "Zefix, the Swiss federal register, returned a robots-blocked response when checked for this dossier, matching every other Swiss brand in this Codex, so the registry fields are sourced to an independent aggregator rather than to the federal registry itself. The aggregator's own record also carries a 1 January 1983 'Founding Date' / 'Entry in Commercial Register' pair, not treated here as Longines' founding date (see the dossier's own caution)." }, "founded": { "year": 1832, "place": "Saint-Imier, Switzerland" }, "origin_country": "CH", "hq_country": "CH", "group_id": "swatch-group", "listed": null, "listed_note": "Longines is not itself listed; its parent The Swatch Group Ltd is. Longines' own site carries no Swatch Group, investor-relations or financial content anywhere in its footer or navigation.", "price_bands": [], "price_basis": null, "certifications_claimed": [ { "scheme": "COSC chronometer certification", "certifying_body": "Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres (COSC)", "document": null, "note": "Claimed only for the Record collection, whose own product page states its movement is chronometer-certified by the COSC. The Master Collection Chronograph's own product page was checked and carries no certification language at all.", "verified_on": "2026-09-29", "source": "https://www.longines.com/en-us/watches/elegance/record" } ], "contacts": { "website": "https://www.longines.com/", "press_url": "https://mediacenter.longines.com/", "service_url": null, "retailer_locator_url": null, "corporate_url": null, "postal_address": "Les Longines 8, 2610 St-Imier, Switzerland", "india_urls": [], "verified_on": "2026-09-29", "verified_how": "Each URL fetched and confirmed live, then re-checked by an independent reader shown only the address and the quoted text. Service-centre, retailer-locator, corporate and India URLs were not checked this session and are recorded as null rather than guessed." }, "collections": [ "master-collection", "conquest", "hydroconquest", "spirit", "dolcevita", "mini-dolcevita", "record", "legend-diver", "ultra-chron", "flagship" ], "collections_source": "https://www.longines.com/en-us/watches", "related_brands": [], "image_refs": [], "last_verified": "2026-09-29", "next_review_due": "2027-03-29", "confidence": "high" } ] }